Two Features of the Photo-Electric Effect Essay - 2277 Words

The photo electric effect, which was first documented by Einstein in 1905, and posited that the energy of liberated electrons is linearly dependent on the frequency of incident photons. This paper investigates this relationship and measures Plancks constant ($4.36\pm 0.04\e{-21}$MeVs), and the work function of the photo diode ($-1.52\pm0.02$V). Another phenomena which is checked is the charging time of the stopping potential voltage. While there was some dependence between stopping voltage and intensity, this effect is mostly systematic. Both of these experiments provide evidence that the energy imparted by incident photons is dependent on the frequency, and the number of photo electrons is dependent on the number of†¦show more content†¦This gives the following relationship: \begin{equation} \label{eq:linearPE} V = \frac{h}{e}\nu - \frac{W_o}{e} \end{equation} This allows the measurement of the stopping voltage as a function of frequency. Fixing the elementary charge ($e$) as a known, this allows for an experimental determination of Plancks constant ($h$) and the work function of the material ($W_o$). This paper examines two scenarios. The first is a fit to the data using (\ref{eq:linearPE}) to measure $h$ and $W_o$. The second scenario investigates the time dependence of the charge development as a function of intensity. \subsection{Theory} The photo-electric effect is explained in the following situation. Photons with an energy $h\nu$ are incident on a material which can be characterized by a work function $W_o$. This work function represents the amount of energy required to liberate an electron from the atom. The effect postulates a number of experimental results which are easily tested. One is that the work function $W_o$ is independent of the intensity of the incident photons. Here we define intensity as a number density rather than something which scales with the amplitude of the incident electromagnetic waves. This means that the energy of the ejected photons will be independent of the number of incident photons because each electron ejected will be related to the incident photon energy. Conversely, this predicts that the number of liberatedShow MoreRelatedSolar Energy And Solar Power1492 Words   |  6 Pageselectricity and heat. The capacity of solar radiation a place receives depends on a variety of factors such as geographic location, time of day, season, and local weather. According to Knier (n.d.) photo voltaic and concentrating solar power cells are the two forms of sources to produce electricity. Photo voltaic cells generate electricity directly using solar cells and concentrated solar power cells generate electricity using steam. According to The World Bank - for the past three years, India hasRead MoreIntroduction: Now days the renewable energy is utilized in many forms. 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Introduction Everyday the human race usesRead MoreCultural Perceptions And Ideas Of Aesthetics1076 Words   |  5 Pagestheir insecurities. In response, Nikkie decided to make one half of her face â€Å"full-on flame† and leave the other half â€Å"raw, unedited, nothing, me.† Since then, other women who have been inspired to share their love for makeup start posting similar photos of their own half made-up faces. Makeup is universal and it is used by women and men who want to look pretty all over the world. It is an enjoyment for them to become prettier instead of a thing they need to be shameful for. However, beauty is a reflectionRead MoreCase Study : Segway Pt, Electric Powered Human Transportation Machine1343 Words   |  6 Pages a. Transportation: i. Segway PT: A Segway is a two wheeled, electric-powered human transportation machine. It is a self-balancing machine which uses gyroscopes and accelerometer. Segway PT was developed by Segway Inc. in New Hampshire, USA by Dean Kamen. It was introduced in the year 2001, and offers a new transportation alternative that lends itself towards a walking-based environment. It runs on electric motors and circuits which are located in the base of Segway. If the rider moves forward, SegwayRead MoreSocial Media s Ideal Body Image For Woman1524 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"girlishness†, â€Å"womanhood†, â€Å"effeteness†, and â€Å"womanly† (Merriam Webster/Femininity). When images for â€Å"femininity† are researched, most depict beautiful, perfectly made up, extremely skinny women wearing pink clothing with long, flowing hair. This photo description is social media’s ideal body image for woman. Because of this, sixty nine percent of girls in fifth through twelfth grade reported that pictures on certain types of social media influenced their perception of the ideal body image and forty

The Risks of Unprotected Sex Essay - 672 Words

The Risk of Unprotected Sex Most teens do not think twice about indulging in unprotected sex, and doing it could be very dangerous to their health, and cause big changes in their lives and the lives of their families. Not thinking before they give in to the pressures of indulging in unprotected sex, they fail to realize the potential problems that unprotected sex will cause. Some teenagers do not want to have sex, but doing so will keep them in good standings with his or her significant other. â€Å"Sometimes, teenagers believe that unprotected sex enhance their experience of intimacy with their boyfriends or girlfriends, also wrongly believing that this is the best way to show their true love. When the mood strikes the last thing on†¦show more content†¦Many teen are not yet driving so they will need transportation to and from their doctor visits. The task of driving them back and forth to the doctor will usually fall on his or her parents. Schoolwork and the relationsh ip will usually suffer because of the emotional, physical and financial stress that is associated with any pregnancies, especially with teenagers. The relationship starts to suffer, that was at first thought to have strengthened. Because of the pregnancy, stress and immaturity of both people involved. This could cause problem pregnancies, possible miscarriage, underweight babies and babies born with birth defects because of improper nutrition during the pregnancy. Families suffer because of the worry they have for their children caring babies at such young age. Most likely, the parents will have to carry the responsibility of caring for the baby. Many teenagers will drop out of school because they will still have the maternal instinct to want to take care of their babies. Therefore, they believe they will need to work and return to school later, which many times does not happen. This putting an extra burden upon society because they will have no diploma; therefore, leaving them a s lim chance of landing a job that will pay well enough to support a baby. However, they will need some type of public assistance, which will usually come at the cost to the taxpayer. Diseases suchShow MoreRelatedSex Without Disclosure By Persons Living With Hiv936 Words   |  4 Pagesnon-disclose of men with HIV who have sex with other men. In the study the participants who were from different states were asked to complete a 70-minute survey over the course of a 3  ½ months which entailed accessing attitudes and high risk behavior. The goal of this study was to describe the overall pattern and predictors of attitudes toward criminalizing unprotected sex without disclosure by persons living with HIV among a broad sample of men who have sex with men living in the USA. 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Palliative Care for Older People- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Care for clients requiring Palliative Care. Answer: Introduction Advanced care planning is an ongoing process which involves process of patients and their families under the primary health cares which shows reflection of values, goals, values and beliefs which shapes the current and future practice. Advanced medical planning is crucial in ensuring that medical care is planned and decision regarding patient health access is determined. Evidential research has indicated that end of life treatment preferences in palliative care centres are often overlooked and at times not available by those providing health care provision for the terminally ill patients, (Brinkman et al., 2014). Ethical issues surrounding the professional obligation among the health care field involves ethical issues such as patient autonomy, which gives the patient the right to accept or refuse treatment offered, (Heyland et al., 2013). In this case ethical dilemma which may arise involve, offering life sustaining approaches like resuscitation and offering assisted dying options, v isavis patient preference. Classical ethical dilemma in this case shows the challenge which a patient can state that they want to die in peace while the health care team can offer life sustaining approach to sustain life and the right to live. However currently, many physician and health care practitioners do not raise such issues for discussion with the patient and often caught being unaware of patient preference. With these view, often many patients and health practitioners find themselves in the dilemma of providing care and end of life termination of the patients. Analysis of Advanced Care Planning Advanced care planning for the elderly is a process which entails critical reflection, discussion and effective communication which enhances the patient ability and decisions making process when they are not able to make proper decision making at ailing time, (Mullick et al., 2013). Thus it is with this essence that advanced care planning involves the fundamental principles of self determination, dignity and minimizing of suffering to the patients. Terminal care patients are at the best opportune chance to benefit to these processes, when involved accordingly. Persons can always opt for this care and choose to end and terminate their life when they dont accept certain choice of treatment and may need peace of mind. Studies on advanced care process have been advanced and studied in various settings with different sets of population. These studies have shown that there is an impact on the quality of life in meeting the patient preference, however there is need for complex interventions which are of assistance to these care, (Parker Clifton, 2016). Legislations with regard to advanced care planning in Victoria have shown that the government is remaining committed to documenting treatment preferences among the patients. This has seen passage of bills such as The Guardian Administration, Act of 1986, Powers of Attorney Act of 2014, Human rights and responsibilities Act of 2006, and all these are geared towards advancing legal framework for advance care planning. Thus critical conversations approaches are not made available to the ailing elderly. Advanced care planning are crucial and beneficial in ensuring health care preference of terminal ill patients are taken care off when they are too unwell to communicate their care preference. As supported by research, families which have done advanced care planning experience minimal anxiety and stress when they are faced with important health care decisions in the course of care. Conclusion Hence with this view, advanced care planning is taking root and the need for proper dialogue which is engaging is paramount. Failure of incorporating advanced care often leads to ethical dilemmas of autonomy and respect t the patient. There is need for involving patients and the health care team in ensuring success of this approach. With the aid of relevant regulatory legislation in support of this practice in Australia, it ensures that patient preference is adhered to. References Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J. A., van der Heide, A. (2014). The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review. Palliative medicine, 28(8), 1000-1025. Heyland, D. K., Barwich, D., Pichora, D., Dodek, P., Lamontagne, F., You, J. J., ... ACCEPT (Advance Care Planning Evaluation in Elderly Patients) Study Team. (2013). Failure to engage hospitalized elderly patients and their families in advance care planning. JAMA internal medicine, 173(9), 778-787. Mullick, A., Martin, J., Sallnow, L. (2013). Advance care planning. Bmj, 347(7930), 28-32. Parker, D., Clifton, K. (2016). Knowledge into Practice: Improving advance care planning and palliative care for older people in Australia. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 14(4), 203.